Today everyone on this earth is familiar
with a country called as “America”. America was discovered in the 15th
century by the sea adventurers. It emerged as super powerful compared to the
countries discovered much earlier. America
is known for its super dominance in the world; gives recognition and awards to the
talented people, open to new ideas, good at sales and building rapport. Most of the Americans are independent. It’s a
place where government invests huge funds in research and technology. Every
thought that represents the countrymen has a history behind it. Let’s
understand it in detail.
American’s Independent style of thinking started to emerge
Today’s America is the efforts of Europeans who left their luxury
life styles and customs in Europe to bring a new country into existence. The Colonies
of America were initially started by a group of Englishmen, French, Dutch,
American Indians, German and Sweden. Many emigrants left their homeland for sea
adventure, opportunity for profit or to escape from religious oppressions.
During the 16th century, it was an age of mercantilism. That pushed
all Europeans to acquire various colonies possible to increase political power
and private wealth. In early years, Christian religious group had an
influential role in the British Colonies. Strict religious rules were imposed and
were obliged to pay taxes. Because of difference in thinking, there was continuous
struggle between Catholic and Protestant in Britain. Many emigrants started to
leave their homeland as they wanted political and religion freedom and economic
opportunities as many couldn’t find jobs during 1620-1635.
Many sailors started to voyage and lost in storms, many died of
disease, children rarely survived and finally a handful of people reached the
shores, full of dense forest. Several colonies started to settle down near
shores of the sea and rivers. There were no utensils to cook, no proper clothes
to wear, less food to survive, disease spreading and many had lost their loving
family members. People who haven’t done farming previously started with farming,
fishing, and building house. Everyone was having equal status and respect for
each other as there were only a few people around them. So they became more independent and accepted
democratic views. Due to human shortage, they started inventing more tools
which will help in cutting trees, fishes and cooking.
Under these circumstances,
there was a new school of thoughts started emerging where people believed in working
hard to make their living. Many came in contact with American Indians, who
taught them to how to grow food in a barren land? Thus there was a sense of
willingness to help each other and less burdensome and strictness related to
religion. With abundant supply of land, soon people started to grow a variety
of crops and tobaccos. There was agricultural development in the region,
sufficient wood, and grassland for cattle contributed to the growth of several
colonies in America. The desire for learning didn’t stop. Schools were started
sometimes at home to teach the younger generation and then slowly schools were
built to promote reading and writing.
American war of Independence
Many Europeans had established colonies in America. They were away
from Great Britain still they had tied to Britain in terms of trade and followed
the tax regime imposed by Britain.
As there were colonies of France
and Britain in America, these major powers
engaged in the war to extend the expansion of territory in the world. During
1755, Many English leaders and their troops travelled across the continent in
order to win against France. Throughout the course, British officer trained the
Americans who had completely no experience in the war. This training benefitted
American in bringing a revolution. The
war ended with Great Britain’s victory and Britain gained 13 American colonies
and French territories. Unfortunately, war result bought seeds of trouble in
the American colonies. War was an
expensive venture and so Britain government decided to recover the war expense
from the American colonies. So Britain started imposing high taxes on the
good which angered the American colonies. Many colonists saw that there was no
need of soldiers to stay in colonies after the war. The Boston tea party of 1773 dumped the tea in Boston Harbor as they
realized that the colonies had to pay extra taxes for importing goods and
Americans refused to pay. Many colonists realized that law was passed in
England and not by their own government. So they protested and resisted by
boycotting the British Goods.
The idea of independence started to spread rapidly. British
Parliament was unwilling to respond to American’s demand for change. Many
colonies gave a deep thought on how Britain is trying to impose laws on them
and in future it might bring more trouble to the colonies. Finally London
declared that colonies have become rebellion and instead of peace talk, war
began in 1775.
A group of colonies fought against British Army in the battle of
Lexington and Concord. Later Army from 13 colonies united to fight for their
rights. The American volunteer Army was conducting military campaigns to fight
against Britain. George Washington was
chosen as Commander in chief as he had past military experiences. He guided
the military to fight against Britain and finally he made harbor space unsafe
for British ships. By March 1776, British men were forced to leave Boston and
evacuated to the city.
A delegation of 13 colonies was formed which became governing body
of the United States was known as Continental Congress. On 2 August 1776, formally Declaration of Independence took place as
a new nation. British used their military experience to capture coastal
cities but gradually troops were decreasing. Again in early 1778, war took
place between France and Britain .Over two years, Spain and Netherland joined
the French army which led to surrender of British army at Yorktown in 1781.
Treaty of Paris in 1783 brought territory boundary and recognized the
sovereignty of United States and brought an end to eight years (1775- 1783)
fight.
Thus suppressing a rebellion in America posed a threat to Britain.
Americans used local sources of man power, food and military equipment and were
well known about the territory while Britain lacked human resource and troops
in a foreign land. The rise of
revolutionaries, thinking about own Independent nation, motivation and uniting
several colonies for an unified country gave rise to the name of new nation –
United States of America.
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